The global transition toward sustainable development has catalyzed the growth of green bond financing as a mechanism to fund environmentally responsible projects. However, the credibility, security, and accountability of green bonds remain challenged by fragmented verification standards, opaque risk assessments, and evolving cybersecurity threats. This paper proposes a multi-layer artificial intelligence (AI) governance model that integrates dynamic energy performance metrics and high-fidelity cyber risk data to support secure, transparent, and data-driven green bond financing. The framework introduces an AI-augmented architecture that functions across three governance layers: 1) Environmental Validation, 2) Financial Risk Profiling, and 3) Cybersecurity Assurance. Layer one uses supervised machine learning models to verify real-time energy savings and carbon offset projections using IoT-sourced energy data and geospatial analytics. The second layer applies clustering and anomaly detection to monitor financial irregularities, project delivery deviations, and ESG (environmental, social, governance) misalignments. The final layer integrates high-resolution cyber risk telemetry—such as threat intelligence feeds and intrusion detection logs—into decision matrices to assess systemic vulnerabilities associated with smart energy infrastructure and financial platforms. Each layer is supported by explainable AI techniques to enhance transparency and stakeholder trust. The governance model is further reinforced by blockchain-backed audit trails and integrates with regulatory compliance systems such as the EU Green Bond Standard and Climate Bonds Initiative. Case simulations using Python and AWS-hosted ML pipelines demonstrate improved integrity verification, reduced financing risks, and enhanced cyber resilience for renewable energy projects. This research contributes a replicable framework for enhancing trust, compliance, and operational security in green bond financing by aligning AI governance with environmental performance and digital infrastructure assurance.