Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, disproportionately affecting women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and marginalized populations within high-income nations. Socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer care, encompassing prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship, continue to hinder equitable oncology outcomes. Globally, factors such as limited access to healthcare infrastructure, financial barriers, cultural stigmas, and uneven distribution of medical resources exacerbate these inequities. In LMICs, the lack of widespread screening programs and advanced treatment modalities leads to late-stage diagnoses and poor prognoses. Meanwhile, in affluent nations, minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups encounter obstacles like delayed diagnosis, underutilization of treatment options, and suboptimal follow-up care due to systemic inequities and implicit biases in healthcare delivery. Addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that integrates policy reforms, technological innovations, and community-based interventions. Policy measures, such as subsidized cancer care and universal health coverage, can improve access to essential services. Technological advancements, including telemedicine and artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic tools, can extend the reach of oncology services to underserved regions. Furthermore, culturally tailored awareness campaigns and patient navigation programs can empower individuals to seek timely care and overcome logistical barriers. This review highlights global challenges in addressing socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer care and proposes evidence-based strategies to improve outcomes. Bridging these gaps is crucial for achieving equitable oncology care, reducing the global burden of breast cancer, and aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals of universal health equity and well-being.