This study examines the mechanisms through which digital technology adoption enhances supply chain visibility and resilience. Grounded in information processing theory, the resource-based view, and the dynamic capabilities perspective, this study develops and empirically tests an integrated framework in which supply chain visibility mediates the relationship between digital technology adoption and supply chain resilience. Drawing on survey data from 742 manufacturing and logistics firms across 23 countries, this study employs hierarchical regression, structural equation modeling (SEM), and rigorous endogeneity controls including instrumental variables and propensity score matching. Findings confirm that digital technologies specifically IoT, blockchain, AI, big data analytics, and cloud computing exert a significant positive effect on supply chain visibility (? = 0.412, p< .001) and resilience (? = 0.298, p< .001). Supply chain visibility significantly predicts resilience (? = 0.486, p< .001) and mediates 67.4% of the total effect of digital technologies on resilience, confirmed by bootstrap confidence intervals [0.156, 0.253] and a Sobel test (Z = 8.745, p< .001). Heterogeneity analyses reveal stronger effects in high-complexity supply chains and technology-intensive industries. The findings contribute by integrating previously fragmented research streams and providing robust empirical evidence for the role of digitalization in building resilient supply chains. Practical implications support strategic digital investment with visibility as a key intermediate performance goal; policy implications highlight the need for infrastructure support and interoperability standards.