In today’s global digital economy, trade secrets play a crucial role in helping companies maintain a competitive edge, especially when operating across borders. This article explores the challenges of protecting trade secrets in U.S.–Nigeria business partnerships, where the need to safeguard confidential business information often clashes with Nigeria’s need for technology transfer and economic development. While the United States has a strong and well-defined legal framework under the Defend Trade Secrets Act 2016, Nigeria relies on a less structured system based on common law, contracts, and limited statutory provisions. This gap creates uncertainty and increases the risks faced by U.S. companies doing business in Nigeria. Using a comparative approach, the article highlights the differences between both legal systems, particularly in terms of enforcement, remedies, and institutional strength. It also examines practical risks such as employee movement, cyber threats, and weak enforcement mechanisms. The article argues that protecting trade secrets and promoting technology transfer do not have to be opposing goals. Instead, a balanced approach can be achieved through strong contracts, internal security measures, and improved legal frameworks. The article concludes by recommending legal reforms in Nigeria, including the introduction of a comprehensive trade secrets law and stronger judicial capacity. Such reforms, combined with responsible business practices, can help create a more secure and cooperative environment for innovation and economic growth in U.S.–Nigeria partnerships.