The rapid digitalization of financial systems has changed the operation of modern economies while also introducing systemic vulnerabilities. A thorough examination of privacy engineering within enterprise governance is essential for mitigating systemic cyber and data-driven risks in modern digital infrastructures. This review explores the complex interaction between privacy engineering, cybersecurity governance, financial risk assessment, and regulatory oversight in interconnected digital ecosystems. The analysis highlights how privacy-by-design principles, coordinated cybersecurity controls, and financial risk management tools collectively contribute to reducing systemic vulnerabilities in digital infrastructures. The major findings revealed the importance of integrated governance frameworks in strengthening institutional resilience, enhancing data protection, and improving regulatory compliance across digitally interconnected sectors. Privacy-driven governance serves as a strategic foundation for managing systemic cyber risks; it enables proactive risk mitigation, coordinated institutional oversight, and improved operational stability within large-scale digital environments. Consequently, the adoption of unified privacy engineering and governance approaches can significantly support secure, resilient, and trustworthy digital ecosystems.