In today's computing world, accessing and managing data has become one of the most significant elements. Applications as varied as weather satellite feedback to military operation details employ huge databases that store graphics images, texts and other forms of data. The main concern in maintaining this information is to access them in an efficient manner. Database optimization techniques have been derived to address this issue that may otherwise limit the performance of a database to an extent of vulnerability. We therefore discuss the aspects of performance optimization related to data access in distributed databases. We further looked at the effect of these optimization techniques.